Manila Exposed 11 [upd] -

Governance fragmentation emerged as a in the exposure network, linking to all other stressors. Overlapping jurisdictions (city, metropolitan, and national agencies) result in policy incoherence , duplicate infrastructure, and gaps in service delivery. The establishment of the MMRA—modeled after Singapore’s Urban Redevelopment Authority—could harmonise planning, data sharing, and budgeting , thereby attenuating multiple exposures simultaneously.

"Neon Dreams and Concrete Skies"

The silent workers who keep the city clean, yet live in precarious conditions. manila exposed 11