| Method | Data Source | Sample Size | Analytic Technique | |--------|-------------|------------|--------------------| | Corpus mining | Public posts on Facebook, TikTok, Discord (Jan 2023‑Dec 2025) | 3 021 unique occurrences | Frequency analysis, collocation mapping | | Semi‑structured interviews | 24 self‑identified members of the “Totnak Squad” (aged 16‑24) | N/A | Thematic coding (NVivo) | | Discourse analysis | Video intros/outros on collectionflv (45 videos) | N/A | Multimodal annotation | | Comparative literature review | Works on Filipino code‑switching, meme culture, digital labor | 38 peer‑reviewed sources | Synthesis |